過去時—過去分詞

2024-10-08 23:58:35 作者: 約瑟夫·德夫林

  不規則變化動詞(irregular verbs),或者說,所謂的強勢動詞(strong verbs)的過去式和過去分詞的混用可能是粗心大意的演講者和作家最常犯的錯誤了。要避免這類錯誤,必須知道這些動詞的完全變化形態。這個知識並不難獲得,因為這樣的動詞不過幾百個,而在這幾百個動詞中只有很小一部分屬於日常用詞。以下是一些最常見的錯誤:

  例45

  I saw(我看到了)說成I seen(我看到了)

  I did it(我做到了)說成I done it(我做到了)

  I drank(我喝了)說成I drunk(我喝了)

  I began(我開始了)說成I begun(我開始了)

  I rang(我按了鈴)說成I rung(我按了鈴)

  I ran(我跑了步)說成I run(我跑了步)

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  I sang(我唱了歌)說成I sung(我唱了歌)

  I have chosen(我選擇了)說成I have chose(我選擇了)

  I have driven(我開了)說成I have drove(我開了)

  I have worn(我穿了)說成I have wore(我穿了)

  I have trodden(我走了)說成I have trod(我走了)

  I have shaken(我搖了)說成I have shook(我搖了)

  I have fallen(我摔跤了)說成I have fell(我摔跤了)

  I have drunk(我喝了)說成I have drank(我喝了)

  I have begun(我開始了)說成I have began(我開始了)

  I have rung(我按了鈴)說成I have rang(我按了鈴)

  I have risen(我拿起了)說成I have rose(我拿起了)

  I have spoken(我說了)說成I have spoke(我說了)

  I have broken(我打壞了)說成I have broke(我打壞了)

  It has frozen(它凍住了)說成It has froze(它凍住了)

  It has blown(它吹走了)說成It has blowed(它吹走了)

  It has flown(指鳥)(它飛走了)說成It has flowed(它飛走了)

  注意——to hang的過去式和過去分詞是hanged或hung。

  例46

  當你在談論絞刑架上被絞死的人時,應該說:

  He was hanged.(他被吊死了。)

  當你談論的是動物屍體時,應該說:

  It was hung.(它被掛了起來。)

  就像這句話一樣:The beef was hung dry.(牛肉被掛起來晾乾。)

  另外,你的大衣was hung on a hook.(掛在鉤子上。)


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