Index

  3D films 12, 41, 50

  γ-rays 10, 11

  A

  Abbe, Ernst 27, 43, 90

  Abbe’s criterion 27, 28, 32, 44

  absorption 61, 72, 77–8, 94, 99

  action 57, 63

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  aether 37

  Al-Hazen 16

  aluminium 91, 92

  Ampere, Andre-Marie 12

  angle of incidence 17, 19of reflection 17of refraction 22

  astronomy 30

  atom 14, 46–9, 58–61, 68–78, 82,85–6, 98–106, 111, 121

  attoscience 82

  aurorae 71

  B

  Bacon, Roger 25

  Balmer, Johannes 58

  Bell, John 117

  Bell tests 117–18

  Betzig, Eric 44

  binoculars 28

  birefringence 36, 48

  birefringent materials 49

  black bodies 58–9

  Blake, William 123

  Blu-ray 77

  Bohr, Niels 61

  Bose, Satyendra Nath 100

  Bose–Einstein condensate 100

  Brewster, David 49

  brightness 6, 17, 28

  butterfly wing 55

  C

  caesium 86, 91

  calcite 35,

  camera 15, 25, 27, 44, 55, 79–81

  candles 3

  CD (compact disc) 4, 77

  chromatic aberration 21–4

  clock 84, 85–9, 91

  coherence 8, 74–7

  colour 8–12, 21, 24, 58, 76–8

  constructive 38–9, 76

  contact lenses 25

  copper 93–4

  cornea 24–5

  correlations 117–18, 121

  classical 117

  correlations (cont.)

  quantum 118

  Coulomb, Charles Augustin de 12

  Crick, Francis 10

  D

  de Broglie, Louis 63

  De Luce 83 see also Grossteste

  destructive 38–9

  Diamond Light Source 79

  diffraction 10, 36, 45–7, 55, 79

  Dirac, Paul 62, 73

  DVD (digital video disc) 4, 77

  E

  Edgerton, Harold 80, 82

  Einstein, Albert 60, 73, 84, 88–9, 100

  electric charges 37, 38, 43, 60, 67

  electromagnetic field 37–8, 52, 62,65, 72, 115

  electron 60–1, 65, 67, 68–72, 78–9,82, 85–6, 93, 102–7, 123

  energy 3, 7, 59–61, 65–6, 69–73,75, 85–6, 104–7, 131

  entanglement 116, 118, 121

  Euclid 16

  Euler, Leonhart 57

  European Light Infrastructure 106

  eyeglasses 25

  F

  Faraday, Michael 10, 38

  feather 55

  femtochemistry 82

  Fermat, Pierre de 23, 53–4

  fibre optic broadband 4, 92

  fluorescent 44, 67, 70

  focal length 24, 27

  force 37, 50, 68, 70, 96–8, 102

  Fourier, Joseph 45, 89–90

  Franklin, Rosalind 9, 10

  Fraunhofer, Joseph von 12

  frequency 10, 36–8, 60, 86, 89, 94,99, 102

  comb 90–2

  shift 66

  Fresnel, Auguste 52

  fringes 39–41, 43, 46, 61–2

  Frisch, Otto 110

  G

  Gabor, Denis 42

  Galilei, Galileo 6, 22

  glass 4, 28, 49, 79, 92–4, 96

  global positioning system (GPS) 86

  Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 8–9

  Grimaldi, Francesco 35

  Grosseteste, Robert 83

  guide star 32

  H

  Hamilton, William 55–8

  Hamilton equation 57

  handedness 18

  Hell, Stefan 45

  Hertz, Heinrich 12

  high-harmonic generation 90, 103

  hologram 41–3

  Hooke, Robert 28

  Hubble Space Telescope 30

  Huygens, Christian 34, 52

  I

  images 4, 10, 15–17, 18–25, 27–30,32–3, 35–6, 41–5, 50–1, 76, 78,81–2, 87, 90, 110, 123

  incoherent 8, 74

  information 1, 4, 13, 41, 47, 68, 92,113–14, 122

  infrared 3, 10

  intensity 7, 41, 50, 62, 64, 74, 76,92, 100, 101, 110–11

  interference 36, 38–43, 46, 61–3,76, 100

  Internet 4, 78, 92, 122

  irradiance 7

  K

  Kepler, Johannes 22

  L

  Lamb, Willis 66

  Large Hadron Collider 108

  laser 4, 5, 7–8, 13, 15, 25, 45, 73,75–9, 82, 90, 93, 98–9, 106–8,109–10, 115

  laser light pulses 76–7, 79–82,90–1, 93, 103, 106–8, 110

  laser projector 78

  LASIK 25

  Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 54–5

  lens 12–13, 23–7, 28, 31, 32–3,43–5, 48, 55, 76

  light

  bulb 7, 8, 67, 69–70, 71, 74, 76,106, 109

  classical 109–11

  emitting diode 70, 73, 74

  quantum 10, 61–3, 66, 71–3,109–10

  quanta 59, 71

  squeezed 105–6

  light sources 3, 7, 13, 15, 71, 79, 90,109, 111

  liquid crystal display (LCD) 50

  liquid crystals 50, 78

  lithography 29

  M

  magnetic materials 37

  magnification 20, 24

  Maupertuis, Pierre Louis 56–7

  Maxwell, James Clerk 12, 32,37–8, 52, 58

  metamaterials 32–3

  microscope 17, 28, 43, 44–5

  microwaves 10, 11, 86, 91, 92

  mirror 18, 19–20, 32, 75

  mode-locked laser 90

  mode-locking 79, 90

  modes 76, 80

  molecules 10, 12, 23, 36, 46, 49,50, 77–8, 82, 103

  Muybridge, Eadweard 80

  N

  National Ignition Facility 106

  National Institute of Standards and Technology 86

  National Physical Laboratory 86

  Newton, Isaac 8–9, 20–2, 34, 40,83–4

  no-cloning theorem 115

  no-measurement theorem 115

  normal

  materials 32

  to surface 17

  O

  Oersted, Hans Christian 12

  Ohm, Georg 12

  optical

  analogy 56, 63 see also Hamilton

  cavity 75–6, 80, 90–1, 111

  clockwork 92

  fibres 4, 47, 92, 94, 122

  refrigerator 98

  telecommunications 4, 47,112–14

  tweezers 97

  optics 6, 17, 28, 75, 90, 93

  opto-mechanics 97

  P

  Pendry, John 33

  photo-activated localization

  microscopy 44

  photoelectric effect 60, 74

  Light

  photograph 4, 41, 42, 80

  photon 17, 60, 64, 65, 71, 73, 74,78, 94, 96, 99, 109–15, 116,118, 120, 121

  herald 111

  Physikalisch-Technische

  Bundesanstalt 86

  pixel 27, 28, 42, 50

  Planck, Max 58–9

  plasma 106–8

  Podolsky, Boris 117

  polarization 12, 13, 36, 48–51, 111,112, 114, 118–19, 120–1

  polarizer 36, 48, 50, 112, 120

  protein 28, 46, 97

  proton 68–9, 108

  beams 108

  pump-and-probe 103, 104

  Q

  quantum

  enhanced metrology 116

  entanglement 116, 121

  fields 62, 66, 73

  key distribution 122

  noise, laser light 110

  noise, squeezed light 115

  non-locality 121

  random number generators 113

  vacuum 65

  R

  radio waves 11

  ray 15–17, 21, 22–4, 30, 32, 35,53, 54, 55–6

  bundle 19–20, 23

  reference wave 41–3

  reflection 17–19

  refraction 22–3, 32, 53

  refractive index 23, 24, 32, 33, 36,47, 48, 50, 53, 55

  relativity 84, 89

  Rosen, Nathan 117

  ruler 84

  Rutherford Appleton

  Laboratory 106

  S

  security 43, 113

  Smith, Adam 43

  Snell, Willdebrord 22–3, 32, 53

  space-time 83–4

  spectral 『lines』 58

  spectroscopy 12, 77, 78–9, 80, 104

  spectrum 8, 9, 12, 58, 90, 102

  speed of light 17, 36, 49, 68, 84, 87,88–9

  spontaneous emission 73

  standard quantum limit 110, 115

  Stanford, Leland 80

  starlight 67

  stimulated emission 45, 72, 75

  stimulated emission depletion

  microscopy 45

  stroboscope 80, 82, 103

  strontium 91–2

  Sun 3, 7, 8, 10, 12, 16

  sunlight 3, 8, 49, 58, 104

  super-resolution 44

  synchrotron 47, 71, 79, 107, 123

  radiation 71, 107

  T

  Taylor, George 61

  telescope 6, 20–2, 30, 32, 123

  time dilation 83

  transverse wave 36, 48

  T-rays 10

  U

  ultraviolet 3, 10, 58, 102

  extreme (EUV) 104

  V vacuum fluctuations 72, 73

  Veselago, Victor 32

  Volta, Allessandro 12

  Voltaire 54, 123

  W

  warmth 3, 6, 10

  Watson, James 10

  Watts 7

  wave 34, 36–41, 43, 45, 48, 55–6,60, 62–5, 66, 89, 93, 108, 115

  wave function 63–5

  wave guide 47

  wavefronts 38, 41, 56

  wavelength 11, 27, 36, 40–1, 43, 44,55, 60, 63, 76, 79, 90, 94, 107

  wave–particle duality 52, 62, 116

  Wilkins, Maurice 10

  X

  X-ray Free Electron Laser 107

  X-rays 10, 46–7, 71, 78–9, 107, 123

  Y

  Young, Thomas 39, 52, 61–2

  Z

  Zewail, Ahmed 82