代詞

2024-10-08 23:58:40 作者: 約瑟夫·德夫林

  代詞的使用常出現很多錯誤。

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  例51

  不應說:Let you and I go.(讓你和我走。)

  而應說:Let you and me go.(讓你和我走。)

  不應說:Let them and we go.(讓他們和我走。)

  而應說:Let them and us go.(讓他們和我走。)

  let是及物動詞,所以後面應該接賓格。

  例52

  Give me them flowers.(給我那些花。)的正確說法是:

  Give me those flowers.(給我那些花。)

  I mean them three.(我是說他們三個。)的正確說法是:

  I mean those three.(我是說他們三個。)

  them是人稱代詞的賓格,不能被用作指示形容詞代詞。

  例53

  I am as strong as he.(我和他一樣強壯。)的正確說法是:

  I am as strong as him.(我和他一樣強壯。)

  I am younger than she.(我比她年輕。)的正確說法是:

  I am younger than her.(我比她年輕。)

  He can write better than I.(他字寫得比我好。)的正確說法是:

  He can write better than me.(他字寫得比我好。)

  在以上例句中,賓格him、her和me被錯用為主格。在每個錯用的代詞後會默認接一個以該代詞為主語的動詞:

  I am as strong as he (is).(我和他一樣強壯。)

  I am younger than she (is).(我比她年輕。)

  He can write better than I (can).(他字寫得比我好。)

  例54

  不要說:It is me.(是我。)

  而要說:It is I.(是我。)

  動詞to be放在it後面時與在it前面時的格是一樣的。這個規則適用於所有的情況,包括代詞。

  動詞to be要求後面跟著的代詞和它使用同一個格,這和代詞在問句里的用法一樣;主格I對應的代詞是主格who,賓格me、him、her、its、you和them對應的代詞是賓格whom。

  例55

  Whom do you think I am?(你以為我是什麼人?)的正確形式是:

  Who do you think I am?(你以為我是什麼人?)

  Who do they suppose me to be?(他們認為我是怎樣的人?)的正確形式是:

  Whom do they suppose me to be?(他們認為我是怎樣的人?)

  人稱代詞的賓格後面應該接介詞。

  例56

  Who do you take me for?(你把我當成了誰?)的正確形式是:

  Whom do you take me for?(你把我當成了誰?)

  Who did you give the apple to?(你把蘋果給了誰?)的正確形式是:

  Whom did you give the apple to?(你把蘋果給了誰?)

  但如之前提過的,介詞不能用在句尾。因此,更好的說法是:

  To whom did you give the apple?(你把蘋果給了誰?)

  在及物動詞後要用代詞的賓格。

  例57

  不要說:He and they we have seen.(我們見過他和他們。)

  而要說:Him and them we have seen.(我們見過他和他們。)


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