專項練習
2024-08-15 17:37:39
作者: 陳素珍 王向旭
1.Napoleon spoke so loudly as to______in front of his soldiers.
A.hear B.be heard C.listen D.be listened to
2.Television and radio______to know what is going on all over the world.
A.made it possible of us B.have made us possible
C.have made it possible for us D.have made it be possible for us
3.I have enjoyed my visit here.I』ll be very sorry______.
A.for leaving B.to leave C.if leaving D.to have left
4.I don’t see how I could possibly manage____the work without______.
A.to finish;helping B.to finish;being helped
C.finishing;helping D.finishing;being helped
5.If you were much younger,I would arrange______as the general manager,for all your colleagues speak highly of your work.
A.for you to work B.of you to work
C.for you work D.you work
6.「Do you have any clothes______today,Sir?」 asked the maid politely.
A.wash B.to be washed C.to wash D.to be washing
7.______water before breakfast seemed to them a rule never______.
A.To get;breaks B.To get;to break
C.Getting;breaks D.Get;to break
8.Nothing can make the brave soldier______his country.
A.turn against B.to turn against C.to turn to D.turn to
9.I』d prefer______home rather than______a walk.
A.to stay;to take B.stay;to take
C.to stay;take D.stay;take
10.Would you please tell me______next?
A.how to do B.what to do C.what do I do D.how I should do
11.The problem______at tomorrow’s meeting is a very difficult one.
A.being discussed B.discussed
C.to be discussed D.to discuss
12.She did nothing______at the photo.
A.except look B.but to look
C.except to look D.but looking
13.This problem is said______three times.
A.to have been talked B.to have discussed
C.having been discussed D.to have been talked about
14.She reached the top of the hill and stopped______on a big rock by the side of the path.
A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest
15.Little Jim should love______to the theatre this evening.
A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking
16.There’re so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind______to buy.
A.what B.which C.how D.where
17.They would not allow him______across the enemy line.
A.to risk going B.risking to go
C.for risk to go D.risk going
18.Our master often told us______things for granted.
A.not to have B.not to take C.didn’t take D.not to make
19.They knew her very well.They had seen her______up from childhood.
A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow
20.There isn’t any difference between the two.I really don’t know______.
A.where to choose B.which to choose
C.to choose what D.to choose which
參考答案:
1-5 BCDBA 6-10 CBACB 11-15 CADCA 16-20 AABAB
(二)動名詞
動名詞(Gerund)是非謂語動詞的又一種形式,在形式上與現在分詞相同,都是在動詞原形的詞末加-ing。在現代語法中,這兩種形式同視為「-ing形式」。兩者的另一個相同之處是:都是由動詞變化而成的,都保留了動詞的某些特徵,都能帶自己的賓語、狀語從而構成動名詞短語或是現在分詞短語去擔當句子成分。
1.動名詞的基本句法功能
(1)作主語
動名詞和不定式都可以作主語,動名詞作主語將動作名詞化,表示一般或抽象的多次性行為,不定式作主語往往表示具體的或一次性的動作。如:
Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.
早晨朗讀英文會給你帶來許多好處。
注意:動名詞作主語時,也常用「It is…」和「There is…」兩種句型。
1)「It is…」的句型常用於說明「某種活動或是某件事情是如何」,強調事物的性質、特徵等。常用於It is後面的詞有:no good,no use,useless,a waste,worthwhile,danger等。
2)「There is…」往往用於說明「不允許、禁止某種活動或是某件事情發生或存在」。類似一種建議、命令等。如:
It is no good going on negotiating with such a representative.
再繼續與這樣一個代表談判下去沒有任何意義。
There is no denying the fact that China has made a rapid progress in every aspect since it was founded.
不容否認這個事實,中國自它成立以來已在各個方面都取得了飛速的發展。
(2)作賓語
動名詞直接作及物動詞的賓語,此類動詞有:admit(承認),appreciate(感激,感謝),avoid(避免),begin(開始),can’t afford(花不起),can’t bear(無法容忍),can’t help(情不自禁),can’t stand(無法忍受),consider(考慮),delay(拖延),deny(否認),deserve(值得),endure(忍受),enjoy(喜歡),escape(逃脫),excuse(原諒),face(面臨,面對),feel(感覺),finish(完成),forgive(原諒),give up(放棄),hate(不喜歡),imagine(設想,想像),include(包括),keep(保持),keep on(繼續),leave off(結束,省去),like(喜歡),mention(提及,提起),mind(介意),miss(錯過),neglect(忽略),need(需要),postpone(推遲),practice(練習),prefer(寧願),propose(提議),put off(推遲),require(需要),resist(反抗,抵抗),risk(冒險),suggest(建議),want(需要)等。如:
The little girl kept shouting and crying.這個小女孩又哭又叫。
I can’t afford watching(to watch)the game through to the end because I should be at work in thirty minutes.這場比賽我是看不完了,因為半小時後我要上班。
注意:
1)動詞need,require,want作「需要」解,其後用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。be worth後也有同樣用法。這點在被動語態部分中也有講述。如:
The ATM machine beside the school gate needs repairing.
學校大門口旁邊的自動取款機需要修理了。
That kind of movie is worth watching.這種電影才值得一看。
2)在短語devote to,look forward to,stick to,to be used to,object to,thank you for,excuse me for,be(kept)busy,have difficulty/trouble/problem(in),have a good/wonderful/hard time(in),there’s no use/good/need,feel/seem like/get down to等後的動詞也必須用動名詞形式,如:
Excuse me for being late because of the busy traffic.
原諒我由於交通擁擠遲到了。
Let’s get down to preparing for the sports meeting now.
現在讓我們開始著手準備運動會事宜。
3)有些及物動詞後既可用動名詞作賓語,也可用不定式作賓語,兩種結構在意義上差別不大。常見的有:attempt(打算),begin(開始),start,can’t afford(花不起),can’t bear(無法容忍),continue(繼續),deserve(值得),hate(不喜歡),intend(打算),like(喜歡),love(愛),neglect(忽略),need(需要),omit(不能,未能做),prefer(寧願),propose(提議),want(需要)。如:
Today,we will continue studying passage one of unit three.
Today,we will continue to study passage one of unit three.
今天,我們接著來學習第三單元的第一篇文章。
但有些動詞後加動名詞形式和加不定式形式時意義不同,差別很大。主要有以下幾組:
①類似forget,remember,regret等詞,後面接動名詞表示「已發生過的動作」;接不定式表示「現在發生或將要發生的動作」。如:
The policewoman on duty forgot to lock the door,so she felt very sorry.
值班的那個女警察忘記鎖門了,所以她感到很內疚。
The policewoman on duty forgot locking the door already,so she went back to check it out.
值班的那個女警察忘記已經鎖過門了。所以她又回去檢查了一遍。
I regret telling my mother the truth of her illness.我後悔告訴媽媽她的真實病情了。
I regret to say that you have failed in the final examination.
我很遺憾地告訴你,你的期末考試沒及格。
②在like,love,hate,prefer等表示情感意願的詞後,若表示強調「某種愛好、一般性的傾向」,需用動名詞作賓語;如指某次將要發生的具體行為,則多用不定式作賓語。如:
——Do you like playing chess? 你喜歡下棋嗎?
——Yes,I do.But I don’t love to play it now.
是的,我喜歡。但我現在不想下棋。
③stop等詞後接動名詞表示「要終止動名詞表示的動作」,而後接不定式則表示「開始不定式表示的原來的動作」;try後接動名詞表示「試著干某事」,而後接不定式則表示「盡力干某事」。如:
The children stopped to listen to me now.孩子們開始聽我說話了。
The little girl stopped listening to me now.
小女孩不聽我說話了。(停止聽我說話轉而干別的事了)
Mike tried doing the experiment again and again.
邁克試著一遍又一遍地做這個實驗。
All the classmates tried to cooperate well in the tug-of-war game.
在拔河比賽中,所有的同學都盡力彼此配合好。
④在begin,start和cease等詞之後,接動名詞表示「強調有意識地開始或停止某動作」;不定式則表示「自然、突然地發生的動作」。如:
It began to snow at 8 o』clock last night.昨晚八點開始下雪了。
He started learning to do business after being laid off.他下崗後開始學做生意了。
The husband ceased smoking and drinking as the couple are preparing to give birth to a baby.這對夫婦準備要小孩,所以丈夫不再吸菸喝酒了。
⑤dread 後接動名詞時,表示「害怕……」;後接不定式時,表示「……就害怕」,通常其後只加to think,to imagine,to see 等。如:
The president dreads to imagine what will happen if the strike continues.
總統一想到罷工持續下去會引發的問題就不寒而慄。
The child dreads doing housework.這孩子怕幹家務活。
⑥go on 加動名詞,表示「繼續做某事」;加不定式,意思是「接著又做了……」如:
The old man went on listening to the stranger for another fifteen minutes.
這位老人接著聽那位陌生人說了十五分鐘。
After handing in the exam paper,he went on to ask the teacher a few questions.
交過試卷後,他又接著問了老師幾道問題。
⑦mean 後接動名詞,表示「意味著」;後接不定式,表示「打算……」。如:
Don’t cry any more.I didn’t mean to hurt you.
不要再哭了,我不是故意傷害你的。
Doing better next time means practicing more.
要想下次做得更好意味著做更多的練習。
⑧類似 need,require,want,deserve,bear 的詞後面一般加動名詞,因為此時動名詞雖為主動形式,但有被動意義。如:
What the employee does deserves praising.這位員工所做的事值得表揚。
Those flowers in the garden need watering.花園裡那些花需要澆水。
⑨作介詞賓語,如介詞on,for,against 等,動名詞可以作介詞的賓語,並與介詞一起構成介詞短語在句子裡擔當定語、狀語、表語等。諸如下列短語後的介詞都需要加動名詞來作賓語:admit to,lead to,devote oneself to,set about(開始做,著手做),insist on,think of/about,object to(反對,不贊成),look forward to,get/be used to,be good at,take part in,be interested in,be proud of,prefer…to,stick to,as well as,be tired of,be afraid of,be capable of,hold off,put off,keep on,count on/upon,take up,give up,burst out,succeed/be successful in,feel like,be fond of,be responsible for,be suitable for,stop/prevent…from… 如:
Many teachers in this school have got used to getting up early and staying up late.
這學校很多老師都已經適應晚睡早起了。
On hearing our delegation in Sydney had won 28 gold medals,all the Chinese people cheered up with great joy and showed their great respects to our athletes.
當聽到我國在雪梨的奧運代表團獲得了28塊金牌時,全中國人民都高興地歡呼起來,並向我們的運動健兒們表示崇高的敬意。
(3)作表語
不定式作表語主要說明或解釋「主語(要去)做什麼事」,它比較具體,動作意義也比較強;而動名詞作表語則主要說明「主語是做什麼的、或是怎麼回事」,動作意義較弱,也較抽象。如:
Reading is for sure learning,but applying is also learning to a greater extent.
讀書當然是學習,然而運用在很大程度上更是學習。
注意:
1)句子的主語常是無生命名詞或what引導的名詞性從句。
2)表語動名詞與主語是對等關係,表示主語的內容,回答what或doing what的問題,不可與進行時態混淆。如:
Her job is washing,cleaning and taking care of the children.
她的工作是洗刷,打掃衛生並照看孩子們。
What he likes best is playing computer games.
他最喜歡做的事就是上網打遊戲。
(4)作定語
動名詞放在所修飾的名詞前面作定語,表示該名詞的用途或有關的動作。
sleeping car 臥車;running shoes 跑鞋;walking stick 手杖;
printing shop 印務館;reading room 閱讀室;swimming pool 游泳池;
washing machine 洗衣機;dining room 飯廳
(5)作同位語
You must fulfill your promise,paying off what you owe me at the end of this year.
你必須遵守你的諾言,年底把欠我的錢還我。
His hobby,getting up early,has never changed.他早起的習慣從未改變過。
(6)作主語補足語、賓語補足語
主語補足語:
This was so-called fighting-a-battle-without-preparation.
這就是所謂的打無準備之戰。
The action is robbing the rich and helping the poor.這正是劫富濟貧的行動。
上面兩句話也可寫為以下形式(作賓補):
They called it fighting-a-battle-without-preparation.
People call this robbing the rich and helping the poor.
2.動名詞的複合結構
動名詞的複合結構由物主代詞(my,our…)或人稱代詞賓格(him,her…)、名詞所有格(Mary’s,Dog’s…)或普通格加動名詞構成。在句子開頭必須用名詞所有格或物主代詞。如果動名詞的複合結構作賓語,其邏輯主語是無生命的名詞時,用普通格。動名詞的複合結構可在句中作主語、賓語、表語等。如:
His coming here helped us a lot.
他的到來幫了我們很大忙。(主語/邏輯主語his,動名詞coming)
What annoys him most was his son’s having failed in the exam.
使他感到最惱火的是他兒子考試不及格。(複合結構作表語)
3.動名詞的否定式
動名詞否定式構成跟不定式一樣,在其前面加否定詞 not 或 never。
Not having a correct world outlook is not having a soul.
沒有正確的世界觀,就等於沒有靈魂。
Never seeing an airplane,the boy was anxious to go to the airport.
由於從沒見過飛機,這個男孩迫切想去機場。
4.動名詞的特殊用法
①No+動名詞——用於簡短的禁令或禁律
No smoking禁止吸菸; No littering勿亂扔垃圾;
No swimming禁止游泳; No speaking請勿喧譁
②There is no+-ing(……是不可能的)= It is impossible to…= No one can…(or We cannot…)
There is no telling when lasting peace will come.
誰也不知道永久的和平什麼時候到來。
③Never(or not)…without+-ing(每次……都……)=whenever
He never comes without bringing some present.他從來不會不帶東西過來。
④It goes without saying that…(……是不用說的)= It is needless to say that…
It goes without saying that no animal can live without breathing.
毫無置疑,沒有動物離了呼吸能夠生存的。
⑤Do+動名詞(做需要若干時間或一再重複的事情)——動名詞之前都有the、所有格或some/a little/much/a lot of 之類的形容詞。
Do you do much fishing?你經常去釣魚嗎?
⑥On(or upon)+-ing(當……,一……就……)=when(or as soon as)+S.+v.
On seeing his mother,the little boy ran towards her.
一看到媽媽,這個小男孩就跑了過去。
⑦Of one’s own =-ing(自己……的)= by oneself
He showed me a picture of his own painting.
他讓我看了一張他自己的畫像。
⑧Make a point of-ing(必定,重視)= make it a point to…
He makes a point of calling on me on New Year’s Day.
他很注重新年這一天給我打電話。