典型例題及解析

  [例1]If there were no subjunctive，English______much easier.

  A.will be　B.would have been　C.could have been　D.would be

  【解析】答案D。觀察題干，可知全句表達的是與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣。

  [例2]—Alice，why didn’t you come yesterday？

  —I______，but I had an unexpected visitor.

  A.had　B.would　C.was going to　D.did

  【解析】答案C。此題A、D明顯不合上下文，因為乙方沒有去。B選項若為would have則成立，可以理解為I would have come if I hadn’t had an unexpected visitor.的簡略式。但此處是would，故應排除。只有was going to可得體地表達「我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造訪」這一意思。

  [例3]The guard at the gate insisted that everybody______the rules.

  

  A.obeys　B.obey　C.will obey　D.would obey

  【解析】答案B。根據insist表示「堅持要求」時，其後的賓語從句謂語要用（should）do形式。

  [例4]I wish I______you yesterday.

  A.seen　B.did see　C.had seen　D.were to see

  【解析】答案C。此題表示與過去事實相反的願望。

  [例5]— If he______，he______that food.

  — Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

  A.was warned；would not take

  B.had been warned；would not have taken

  C.would be warned；had not taken

  D.would have been warned；had not taken

  【解析】答案B。從對話看，是表達與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣。

  [例6]Without electricity human life______quite different today.

  A.is　B.will be　C.would have been　D.would be

  【解析】答案D。without引出一個含蓄條件句，主句表述的是與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣。

  [例7]When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it______.

  A.breaks　B.has broken　C.were broken　D.had been broken

  【解析】答案C。放入水中的鉛筆看上去是斷的，但實際上並非如此，因此是與現在的事實相反，這時as if從句謂語要用一般過去時。

  [例8]You didn’t let me drive.If we______in turn，you______so tired.

  A.drove；didn’t get　B.drove；wouldn’t get

  C.were driving；wouldn’t get　D.had driven；wouldn’t have got

  【解析】答案D。觀察題干，可知if從句表示與過去事實相反的假設。

  [例9]I didn’t see your uncle at the party.If he______，he would have said hello to me.

  A.would come　B.had come

  C.came　D.did come

  【解析】答案B。觀察題目上下文，特別是第二句的主句謂語為 would have said，可知if從句表述的是與過去事實相反的願望。

  [例10]______it______for your help，I couldn’t have made any progress.

  A.Had；not been　B.Should；not be

  C.Did；not be　D.Not；be

  【解析】答案A。根據主句謂語形式，可知從句要用had done形式，Had it not been for your help＝If it had not been for your help.（要不是你幫忙的話）

  [例11]Mr Smith was badly ill，or he______our dinner party.

  A.should come to　B.would have attended

  C.would come to　D.should have attended

  【解析】答案B。or可引導含蓄條件句，表達虛擬語氣。根據此題內容，可知是與過去事實相反的假設。

  [例12]It’s strange that they______nothing about this matter.

  A.know　B.would know

  C.knows　D.knew

  【解析】答案A。在It’s important/surprising/desirable/strange/necessary/no wonder/a pity/a shame＋that 從句中，從句謂語動詞用（should）do。

  [例13]He suggests we______to the cinema at once，otherwise we will be late.

  A.must go　B.go　C.will go　D.would go

  【解析】答案B。在suggest，demand，request，require（要求），order（命令），insist（堅持要求），advise（勸告）等動詞之後的賓語從句中，謂語動詞要用（should）do，同時還應注意語態。

  [例14]The general ordered that the thief______.

  A.be punished　B.would punish

  C.would be punished　D.should punish

  【解析】答案A。order表示「命令」時，後面所跟的賓語從句中的謂語動詞用（should）do，此題中需要的是被動語態。

  [例15]If only I______how to operate a computer as you do！

  A.had known　B.would know

  C.should know　D.knew

  【解析】答案D。在if only引導的感嘆句中，謂語動詞的形式與wish後賓語從句中謂語動詞的形式一樣。