專項練習

  1.When I caught him______I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.

  A.cheating　B.cheat

  C.to cheat　D.to be cheating

  2.______with the picture，Mary tore it to pieces.

  A.Dissatisfying thoroughly　B.Being thoroughly dissatisfied

  C.To dissatisfy thoroughly　D.To be thoroughly dissatisfied

  本章節來源於𝐛𝐚𝐧𝐱𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐚.𝐜𝐨𝐦

  3.Linda can’t attend the party______at Tom’s house at present because she is preparing a speech for the party______at Marie’s house tomorrow.

  A.being held；to be held　B.to be held；held

  C.held；being held　D.to be held；to be held

  4.______with fright，a hungry fox hid himself in a small cave，______his tail to the rain.

  A.Trembling；exposing　B.Trembled；exposed

  C.Trembled；exposing　D.Trembling；exposed

  5.The brave man died，______his young wife nothing but a______cottage.

  A.left；breaking　B.leaving；broken

  C.left；broken　D.to leave；breaking

  6.______from what he said，he must be the thief who has stolen the car.

  A.Judging　B.Judged

  C.To judge　D.Judge

  7.______for the terrible accident，as the public thought，the mayor felt nervous and was at a loss what to do.

  A.Having blamed　B.To blame

  C.Being to be blame　D.Being to blame

  8.______from other continents for millions of years，Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.

  A.Being separated　B.Having separated

  C.Having been separated　D.To be separated

  9.Finding her car stolen，______.

  A.a policeman was asked to help

  B.the area was searching thoroughly

  C.it was looked for everywhere

  D.she hurried to a policeman for help

  10.Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it______in Cuba.

  A.being cultivated　B.been cultivated

  C.having cultivated　D.cultivating

  11.______in a seemingly endless war，the general was forced to evaluate the situation again.

  A.Since the loss of 50，000 soldiers

  B.Because of 50，000 soldiers having lost

  C.Having lost over 50，000 soldiers

  D.50，000 soldiers were lost

  12.Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing，as long as we were together，______fun.

  A.had　B.have　C.to have　D.having

  13.______hard before，Tom is afraid of failing in the exam.

  A.Having been worked　B.Not to have worked

  C.Having never worked　D.Never have worked

  14.—Who were those people with the flags？

  —A group______itself the League of Peace.

  A.calls　B.calling　C.called　D.being called

  15.______such a good chance，he planned to learn more.

  A.To be given　B.Having given

  C.Having been given　D.Giving

  16.This programmer will examine the writer’s books in detail，______an introduction to her life.

  A.following　B.being followed

  C.having followed　D.to be followed

  17.Though______money，his parents managed to send him to university.

  A.lacked　B.lacking of　C.lacking　D.lacked in

  18.Your hair wants______.You』d better have it done tomorrow.

  A.cut　B.to cut　C.cutting　D.being cut

  19.As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free，tax-supported schools must be established in every town______50 households or more.

  A.having　B.to have　C.to have had　D.having had

  20.This crop has similar qualities to the previous one，______both wind-resistant and adapted to the same type of soil.

  A.being　B.been　C.to be　D.having been

  參考答案：

  1-5 ABADB 6-10 AACDA 11-15 CDCBC 16-20ABCAA

  2.過去分詞

  在語法功能上，它在句子中所能承擔的成分基本與-ing分詞相同，可以作表語、定語、狀語，也可以用在複合結構中，其最基本的含義是「被動」的，其基本用法如下：

  （1）作表語

  過去分詞作表語相當於形容詞，表示被動或完成，主要表示主語的心理感覺或所處的狀態。有些過去分詞實際上已經被看作形容詞，常見的此類詞有：accomplished，absorbed，amazed，amused，annoyed，astonished，bent，believed，blessed，bored，broken，bound，burnt，closed，completed，complicated，devoted，delighted，disappointed，discouraged，distressed，disturbed，done，dressed，drunk，educated，embarrassed，encouraged，excited，exhausted，experienced，faded，fascinated，frightened，hurt，inexperienced，interested，known，learned，limited，lit，lost，married，melted，pleased，puzzled，qualified，rotten，satisfied，shaved，shrunk，shocked，sunk，surprised，terrified，tired，unprepared，unqualified，unknown，upset，worried，wounded，等。如：

  Don’t you think the situation is complicated？難道你認為這形勢還不夠複雜嗎？

  Everybody was exhausted after a day’s work./It was an exhausting day.

  工作了一天，大家都累了。

  注意：

  1）英語中的不及物動詞不用於被動語態。但是，不及物動詞的過去分詞可以和動詞be連用構成系表結構。在這個結構中，過去分詞只表示動作已經完成，強調事物的狀態。常見的這種形式不及物動詞有：gone，come，arrived，fallen，retired，startled，vexed，mistaken等。這些不及物動詞都具有描述性質。如：

  Her fever is gone，but she still feels weak.她不發燒了，但身體仍然很虛弱。

  I shall be vexed if you keep mentioning it.

  如果你繼續提這件事的話我就要惱火了。

  2）如果構成分詞的動詞是一個持續性動詞，不表示終極界限，不表示動作結果，而強調動作的持續性，在這種情況下謂語大多數是被動語態。如：

  All the books were carried to the library.所有的書都被搬到了圖書館。

  有些過去分詞作表語時，構成的謂語很接近被動結構。

  The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.這座城市三面環山.

  過去分詞作表語要注意其與被動語態的區別。過去分詞作表語，主要是表示主語的狀態，而被動語態則表示動作。

  The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（被動表動作）

  The library is now closed.圖書館關門了。（過去分詞作表語）

  （2）作定語

  作定語用的過去分詞相當於形容詞。及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，既表被動又表完成；不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，只表完成。過去分詞用作定語，如果是單個的，常置於其所修飾的名詞之前，過去分詞短語作定語通常放在被修飾的詞後面。如：

  We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.

  我們必須使我們的思想適應改變了的情況。

  The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager.

  外國專家提出來的建議被經理採納了。

  過去分詞作定語也可相當於非限制性定語，前後用逗號隔開。

  The poems，written by Mao Zedong，are popular with many Chinese people.

  毛澤東寫的這些詩歌，受到了許多中國人民的喜愛。

  過去分詞作定語和-ing分詞作定語有一定的區別：過去分詞作定語通常表示完成的或被動的動作；而-ing分詞作定語可以表示正在進行的主動的動作。試比較下面幾組短語：

  boiled water 開水　boiling water 正沸騰的水

  developed countries發達國家　developing countries 發展中國家

  fallen leaves 落葉　falling leaves 正在飄落的葉子

  changed condition改變了的情況　changing condition 變化著的情況

  （3）作狀語

  過去分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語必須和句子的主語相一致。作狀語的-ed分詞通常來自及物動詞，跟-ing分詞作狀語時一樣，意義上相當於狀語從句，表示時間，條件，原因，伴隨狀況，讓步，結果，目的等。前邊往往可以加when，while，if，as if，though。這時，我們可以把-ed分詞結構理解為一個省略句，即省去了「主語和be的變化形式」。

  Born on 29th，February，he is supposed to celebrate his birthday every four years.（表時間）

  出生於二月二十九日，他每四年才能慶祝一次生日。

  Heated，liquids can be changed into gases.（表條件）

  一經加熱，液體就會變成氣體。

  Failed a second time in CET4，he decided to change his studying method.（表原因）

  又一次在大學英語四級考試中失敗，他決定改變一下學習方法。

  The old couple walked slowly to the lift，assisted by their children.（表伴隨）

  這對老夫婦在孩子們的攙扶下慢慢走到電梯口。

  Exhausted by the running，they went on running after the robber.（表讓步）

  儘管已經跑得筋疲力盡，他們還是繼續追趕著那個強盜。

  （4）作補足語

  過去分詞可以在allow，ask，consider，desire，expect，feel，find，get，have，hear，imagine，keep，like，make，observe，order，permit，prefer，remember，request，require，see，urge等後面作賓語補足語；在動詞see，hear，feel，watch，notice，perceive，observe，listen to，look at後既可用過去分詞做補語，也可用省略to的不定式做補語，用過去分詞表示被動，用不定式表示動作的全過程已經完成。如：

  Keep every employee informed of what is going on in the world market.

  保持讓每位員工及時了解世界市場動態。

  When you are making a speech，you should speak louder to make yourself heard.

  你作報告時，聲音應該大一點兒使自己被人聽清。

  當這類句子變成被動語態時，過去分詞用作主語補足語。

  All the money in the wallet has been found stolen.

  發現錢包里所有的錢都被偷了。

  （5）過去分詞的獨立結構

  跟現在分詞一樣，過去分詞的主語與句子主語一致時，可用其獨立結構。有時過去分詞也可帶有自己的邏輯主語。如：

  The paraphrase finished，our English teacher came down to the Exercise part.

  解析完了之後，我們英語老師開始講解練習部分。

  過去分詞也可與連詞結合構成句子成分。常見此類連詞有：as，as if，if，once，though，unless，until，when，while，whenever 等。如：

  When completed，the bridge will be the largest one in the world.

  建成之後，這座橋將會是世界上最大的。