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典型例題及解析

2024-08-15 17:37:03 作者: 陳素珍 王向旭

  [例1]The next morning she found the man______in bed,dead.

  A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying

  【解析】答案A。find的賓語後面,用分詞或分詞短語,起賓語補足語作用。現在分詞表達主動,也表達正在進行,過去分詞表達被動。

  [例2]Charles Babbage is generally considered______the first computer.

  A.to invent B.inventing

  

  C.to have invented D.having invented

  【解析】答案A。由be considered to do sth被認為做某事,排除B、D。此句只說明發明這一個事實,不定式後用原形即可。而C為現在完成時,發明為點動詞一般不用完成時,且此處也不強調對現在的影響,因此不選C。

  [例3]The chair looks rather hard,but in fact it is very comfortable to______.

  A.sit B.sit on C.be seat D.be sat on

  【解析】答案B。如果不定式為不及物動詞,其後應有必要的介詞。當動詞與介詞連用時,常位於「形容詞+動詞不定式」結構的末尾。

  [例4]— I usually go there by train.

  — Why not______by boat for a change?

  A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going

  【解析】答案D。why not 後面接不帶to 的不定式,因此選D。

  [例5]Paul doesn’t have to be made______.He always works hard.

  A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning

  【解析】答案B。make後接不帶to 的動詞不定式,當其用於被動時,to 不可省略。相同用法的動詞還有let,have,see等。

  [例6]Tell him______the window.

  A.to shut not B.not to shut C.to not shut D.not shut

  【解析】答案B。tell sb to do sth 的否定形式為tell sb not to do sth。

  [例7]She pretended______me when I passed by.

  A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen

  【解析】答案A。pretend 後應接不定式。其否定形式為pretend not to do sth。

  [例8]Mrs.Smith warned her daughter______after drinking.

  A.never to drive B.to never drive

  C.never driving D.never drive

  【解析】答案A。warn sb to do sth的否定形式為warn sb not to do sth,此處用的是否定詞never。

  [例9]— The light in the office is still on.

  — Oh,I forgot______.

  A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off

  【解析】答案C。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著,即關燈的動作沒有發生,因此用forget to do sth,而forget doing sth表示燈已經關上了,而自己忘記了這一事實。此處不符合題意。此外,remember to do sth記著要做某事(沒做);remember doing sth記得做過了某事(做過)。

  [例10]She reached the top of the hill and stopped______on a big rock by the side of the path.

  A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest

  【解析】答案C。由題意可知,她到了山頂,停下來在一個路邊的大石頭上休息。因此,應選擇「stop to do sth停下來去做另一件事」。stop doing sth表示停下正在做的事。

  [例11]—You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.

  —Well,now I regret______that.

  A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done

  【解析】答案D。regret having done sth.對已發生的事感到遺憾。regret to do sth對將要做的事感到遺憾。本題為對已說的話感到後悔,因此選D。

  [例12]Tom ought not to______me your secret,but he meant no harm.

  A.have told B.tell C.be telling D.having told

  【解析】答案A。由於後句為過去時,告訴秘密的動作又發生在其前因,此地應用過去完成時,但它在情態動詞 ought to 後,所以用have told。

  [例13]—Could I borrow your dictionary?

  —Yes,of course,you______.

  A.might B.will C.can D.should

  【解析】答案C。could表示委婉的語氣,並不為時態。答語中of course表示肯定的語氣,允許某人做某事時,用can和 may來表達,不能用could或might。複習:will 與you連用,用來提出要求或下命令。should與you 連用,用來提出勸告。

  [例14]—Shall I tell John about it?

  —No,you______.I』ve told him already.

  A.needn’t B.wouldn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t

  【解析】答案A。needn’t 不必,不用。wouldn’t 將不,不會的。mustn’t 禁止、不能。shouldn’t不應該。本題為不需要、不必的意思,應用needn’t。

  [例15]What Mr.White said sounds______.

  A.friendly B.wonderfully C.pleasantly D.nicely

  【解析】答案A。sound表示「聽起來」,後面接形容詞作表語,答案B、C、D均為副詞。


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