常見的介詞及用法
2024-08-15 17:36:28
作者: 陳素珍 王向旭
1.表示時間的介詞:at,on,in,before,after,by,until,through,from since,within
(1)at:用於表示時刻、時間的某一點。
at noon at 3:15 at present
(2)on:用於星期、具體的某一時間。
on Sunday on Sunday morning on March 10,1997
(3)in:用於表示周﹑月﹑季節﹑年,泛指上午﹑下午﹑晚上。
in 1999 in November in summer in the afternoon
還可表示在……後(未來時間)
He will be back in an hour.他一小時後就會回來。
(4)before:在……之前
Please call me before 7 o』clock this evening.請在今天晚上七點之前給我打電話。
(5)after:在……之後
They went to France after liberation.他們解放後去了法國。
(6)by:在……前(時間),截止(到)……
By the time I arrived,she had already gone.在我到達之前,她已經走了。
(7)for:達……之久(表示過了多少時間),可以和一般現在時、過去時、將來時連用,但經常和完成時連用。
They have been here for three days.他們已經待在這裡三天了。
(8)during:在……期間
During breakfast time,he received two strange calls.早飯時間他接到兩個陌生電話。
(9)through:一直……(從開始到結束)
He,who led the United States through these years,was shot on April 14,1865,at a theater in Washington.領導美國度過了這些年代的他,於1865年4月14日在美國華盛頓一家戲院裡被人槍殺。
(10)from:從……起(時間)
The workers were made to work from 7 in the morning to 7 in the evening.工人們被迫從早7點工作到晚7點。
(11)since:自從……以來(表示從以前某時一直到現在仍在繼續)
Since September,my eyes had never been very good.
從9月起,我的眼睛一直不是很好。
(12)within:不超過……的範圍,在……範圍內
He will come within an hour.他一小時內就到。
2.表示地點的介詞:at,in,on,under,over,above,below,near,by,between,among,around,in front of,behind,to,out of,along,across through,for,from
(1)at:在某地點(表示比較狹窄的場所)
at school上學 at home在家 at 320 Xinfu District 在新撫區320號
at the station 在火車站 at hotel 在賓館
(2)in:在某地(表示比較寬敞的場所)
She will arrive in Shanghai at ten.10點她將到達上海。
(3)表示地點方向的on,under,over,above,below
1)on:在……上面,有接觸面
on the table 在桌子上面
2)above:在……上方
Sometimes Juliana could hear planes above the trees.
有時朱莉安娜能聽到樹林上空的飛機聲。
3)over:在……正上方,是under的反義詞
Over these tombs,they built pyramids.在這些墳墓上,他們建起了金字塔。
4)under:在……下面,在……之內
They usually play chess under the tree.他們通常在樹下面下象棋。
5)below:在……下方(不一定是正下方)
Please do not write below this line.請不要寫在這條線下面。
(4)near,by
1)near:近的,不遠的,還可以指時間,in the near future在不遠的將來。
Green’s lake was a small lake near his home.
格林湖是他家附近的一個小湖。
2)by:在……旁邊,比near的距離要近
The telephone is by the window.電話在窗戶那兒。
(5)between,among,around
1)between:在兩者之間
The differences between American English and British English are not very great.
美國英語和英國英語之間的差別不是很大。
2)among:在三者或者更多的之中
There are some American students among us.在我們中間有幾個美國學生。
3)around:環繞,在……的周圍,在……的四周
They arrived at a valley with high mountains all around it.
他們到達了四周有高山環繞的山谷。
(6)in front of,behind
1)in front of:在……的前面
There is a car in front of the house.房子前面有一輛小汽車。
2)behind:在……後邊
Are there any cows behind the house?房子後面有一些牛嗎?
(7)in,into,out of
1)in:在……之內,用於表示靜止的位置
There are four girls in the room.房間裡有4個女孩。
2)into:進入,用於表示有特定終點的運動方向,通常用於表示動作的動作之後。如:come,go,walk,jump,run
She took me from the hall into my classroom.
她把我從門廳帶進我的教室裡邊去。
(8)along,across,through
1)along:沿著
Go along Zhongshan Road and turn right at the second crossing.
沿著中山路走然後在第二個十字路口向右拐。
2)across:橫過(平面物體)
Very slowly,the continents are moving across the face of the world.
各個洲在地球表面緩緩漂移。
3)through:貫通,通過
The students walked through the gate with uncle Wang.
學生們隨著王叔叔通過大門。
(9)to,for,from
1)到達……地點(目的地)或方向
Where’s Jack?He has gone to London.傑克上哪兒了?他去倫敦了。
2)for:表示目的,為了……
Do you know what he comes here for?你知道他為什麼來這兒嗎?
3)from:從……地點起
How far is it from London to New York?從倫敦到紐約有多遠?
3.表示手段和材料的介詞:with,in,by
(1)with
1)和……在一起
These plates keep moving,like great ships,carrying the continents with them.
這些板塊載著各個大陸,像航船一樣不斷地漂移。
2)具有,帶有
A person with good manners is always kind and polite.
有禮貌的人總是和和氣氣、彬彬有禮的。
3)用某種工具或方法
He could swim with some special swimming shoes.
穿著一些特製的游泳鞋,他能游泳。
(2)in:表示用什麼材料(如:墨水、鉛筆等)或用什麼語言。表示衣著、聲調特點時,不用with而用in。
What’s this in English?這個用英語怎麼說?
(3)by:通過……方法,手段
What do you mean by the word「island」?「island」是什麼意思?
I prefer traveling by train.我更喜歡乘火車旅行。
4.其他
(1)of,from
1)of 屬於……的,表示……的數量或種類
It was the beginning of the term.這是學期開始的時候。
2)from:來自(某地,某人),以……起始
She is a lady from Canada.她是一位加拿大的女士。
(2)without,like,as
1)without:沒有,是with的反義詞
She often worked for twenty-four hours without rest.
她通常工作24小時而不休息。
2)like:像……一樣
Like many children of her age,Ding Fang is a Young Pioneer.
像很多同齡的孩子一樣,丁芳是個少先隊員。
3)as:作為
They are carrying us as passengers.它們把我們當作乘客運載著。
4)against:反對;靠著
Everyone tried to fight against the locusts.所有的人奮力扑打蝗蟲。
(3)about:
1)關於,各處,四周
Nightingale wrote a book about nursing.南丁格爾寫了一部關於護理方面的書。
2)詢問某人、某物的情況或提出建議
What about your family?你家裡人怎麼樣?