典型例題及解析
2024-08-15 17:39:21
作者: 陳素珍 王向旭
[例1]The production______steadily,the factory needs an ever-increasing supply of raw material.
A.has gone up B.is going up
C.having gone up D.being gone up
【解析】答案C。選項A和B與名詞the production構成了句子,但該句無連接詞連接兩個句子,因而應排除。選項C和D與 the production都可構成獨立主格結構,作原因狀語,但根據題意,「產量在穩步增長」,在邏輯上是主謂關係,應用主動語態。
[例2]Not far from the school there was a garden,______owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.
A.its B.whose C.which D.that
【解析】答案A。此題很容易誤選B,認為句中逗號後是一個非限制性的定語從句,whose 在定語從句中用作定語修飾其後的名詞owner,但實質上空格後根本不是一個句子,因為沒有謂語。儘管句中有兩個動詞,但它們都是非謂語動詞。seat 用作動詞時,它總是及物的,其後要麼接賓語,要麼它就用於被動語態,所以若在 seated 前加上助動詞 is,則可以選擇B(當然若將 seated 改為sitting,也應選擇B)。所以此題最佳答案選A。
[例3]Weather______,we will go out for a walk.
A.permitted B.permitting C.permits D.for permitting
【解析】答案B。本題中沒有連詞,它不是複合句,也不是並列句。句中使用了逗號,且we 小寫,可知其不是兩個簡單句。能夠這樣使用的只有獨立主格或with的複合結構。據此判斷,本句中使用的是獨立結構,其結構為:名詞+分詞。由於permit在這裡翻譯為「天氣允許」,表主動,應用現在分詞。
[例4]______,her suggestion is of greater value than yours.
A.All things considering B.All things considered
C.All things were considered D.With all things were considered
【解析】答案B。逗號後面句子的主語是her suggestion,一看四個選項主語都是 all things 所以肯定是獨立主格結構。另外,all things 和consider 是很明顯的被動關係。
[例5]All flights______,we decided to take a greyhound.
A.were canceled B.had been canceled
C.having canceled D.having been canceled
【解析】答案D。本題中的選項A和B與All flights構成了句子,但該句沒有任何從屬連詞、關係代詞或關係副詞引導,與主句之間也無連接詞,因而是錯誤的,應排除。選項C和D與All flights都可構成獨立主格結構,作原因狀語,但根據題意,應選D,因為「班機」是「被取消」的。
[例6]The murderer was brought in,with his hands____behind his back.
A.being tied B.having tied
C.to be tied D.tied
【解析】答案D。with+名詞(代詞)+分詞+介詞短語結構。當分詞表示伴隨狀況時,其主語常用with來引導。由於本句中名詞「手」與分詞「綁」是被動關係,因此用過去分詞。
[例7]He wrote a lot of novels,many of______translated into foreign languages.
A.it B.them C.this D.that
【解析】答案B。而不能選C,是因為句中的 translated 是過去分詞(非謂語動詞),若選C,則該從句無謂語。
[例8]She stood there,______from her cheeks.
A.tears』 rolling down B.tears rolled down
C.with tears rolled down D.tears rolling down
【解析】答案D。tears rolling down為「名詞+現在分詞」結構,作獨立主格結構,表示伴隨主句動作發生的行為狀況,「她站在那,眼淚順著臉頰流下來」。
[例9]______yesterday,we went out for a walk.
A.As a fine day B.It was a fine day
C.It being a fine day D.For it was a fine day
【解析】答案C。「昨天天氣不錯,我們出去散步了」,此句獨立主格結構表示時間,為「it+being+名詞」結構。
[例10]A new technique______,the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.
A.to have been worked out B.having worked out
C.working out D.having been worked out
【解析】答案D。「一種新的技術研製出後,產量總體增加了20%」,獨立主格結構「having been worked out」用的是現在完成時的被動語態,表示原因。