二、代詞的用法
2024-08-15 17:36:15
作者: 陳素珍 王向旭
(一)人稱代詞
主格:I/we,you/you,he/she/it/they,賓格:me/us,you/you,him/her/it/them在句中可用作主語,賓語或介詞的賓語。如:
I can’t stay here long.我不能在這裡待很久。
Tell us your name.告訴我們你的名字。
We are worried about him.我們在為他發愁。
(二)物主代詞
表示所有關係的代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種:
形容詞性:my/our,your/your,his/her/its/their
名詞性:mine/ours,yours/yours,his/hers/its/theirs
形容詞性物主代詞,主要用作定語;名詞性物主代詞可以用作:表語、主語、賓語或者介詞賓語。如:
This is not our room.Ours is over there.(這裡ours=our room)
這不是我們的房間,我們的房間在那兒。
It was his fault,not theirs.這是他的錯,不是他們的。
He smiled at her and laid his hand on hers.
他沖她笑了笑,把他的手放在她手上。
(三)指示代詞
表示「那個」、「這個」、「這些」、「那些」等指示概念的代詞。指示代詞有this,that,these,those等。在句中可作主語、賓語或者介詞賓語。如:
This is mosquito netting.這是蚊帳。
How can we do this properly?我們怎麼能把這干好?
You』ll have to pay for that.你將為此付出代價。
(四)反身代詞
單數:myself,yourself,himself/herself/itself
複數:ourselves,yourselves,themselves
在句中主要用作賓語或者介詞的賓語。如:
enjoy oneself=have a good time(過得很愉快)help oneself to…(隨便吃/喝些)
They are living by themselves.他們單獨居住。
(五)相互代詞
each other 和one another兩組,在運用中,這兩組詞沒什麼區別。如:
They love each other.他們彼此相愛。
They looked at one another,in hatred and despair.
他們仇恨絕望地相互望了望。
(六)不定代詞
個體不定代詞:every,each,other,another,neither,either,half,everybody,everything,anybody,nobody,something,nothing,anything,none
數量不定代詞:all,both,many,much,little,few,one,the other,another,none
在句中主要用作賓語或者介詞的賓語。如:
—Do you have a car? —你有小汽車嗎?
—Yes,I have one. —是的,我有一輛。
Everybody has some weak spots. 人人都有弱點。
(七)疑問代詞
指人:who,whom,whose,which
指物:what,which根據不同的疑問代詞可作句中主語﹑表語﹑賓語或者介詞的賓語。如:
Tell me who he is.告訴我他是誰。
To whom shall I speak?我該和誰談?
(八)關係代詞
指人:who,whom,whose,that,as
指物:which,that,whose,as根據不同的關係代詞可作句中主語、表語、賓語或者介詞的賓語。如:
He is the man whom you have been looking for.他就是你要找的那個人。
The chair that you are sitting on is an antique.你坐的這把椅子是件古董。